Ghost Ranch


She found you in a canyon
Through a black vulture’s wing
Your murderer was dry air
In a shape of a song
I don’t wanna get over you
Lying in the sun
In a crying land
A famous musician said goodbye
In a ten-second concert
Enough time
To avenge you
In the shape of a canyon, she unburied you


In 1956 and 1957 Edward Abbey enrolled as a ranger for the Arches National Park, isolating himself from the world. He spent a long period in the Colorado landscapes, living in a trailer, reporting on wildlife and the changes in what was then an untouched part of the world, before it was torn apart by human impact and tourism. His reports were published in a 1968 book – Desert Solitaire or a Season in the Wilderness. Around the same time, a young Michael Heizer, tired of the vibrating New York art scene, traveled to the Nevada desert with his trailer where he stayed while building his life project – City (1970 – 2022). Way before these two characters ever planned their commitment to solitude, Georgia O’Keeffe was going for long walks on the New Mexican deserts looking for bones and other elements to integrate in her paintings. After the unexpected underwhelming reception of his first studio album – Five Leaves Left (1969)– and struggling to perform it live, Nick Drake dropped out of Cambridge and rented a room in North London, where he locked himself playing his guitar and writing what is now, after his death, considered one of the best folk albums – Bryter Layter (1971).

Playing an instrument requires method. Repeating the same notes over and over again brings you into a trance- like state that is itself an isolation from whatever surrounds you and probably the most obsessive act one can engage in. I have always struggled with the fact that I was a better artist than a musician, but somehow music has always informed my practice and now I understand that its repetitive aspect was a way to replace my fluctuating lack of studio labor.

During the preparation of this exhibition, I lived in a rammed earth house built with the soil of the land where it stands; a construction technique used to insulate the interior from extreme high and low temperatures. The house is located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, an area that could become inhabitable by the end of the twenty first century according to some specialists. Climate changes are causing severe droughts. The air and the wind are bone dry; from May onwards, everything is the color of steel. The nearest town is a twenty-minute drive and for days one might not see a single soul. Some film directors think this region resembles the Wild West the most; unsurprisingly someSpaghetti Westerns were shot in this part of the world.
The pieces in this exhibition – Ghost Ranch and Bull Guitar Drag (after Christian Marclay) – are the result of a series of actions that took place in this specific location and during a period of six months. In complete solitude. 

One of the motifs of Western movies is the use of static, romantic views of the land, which function as premonitory moments that anticipate a gun fight or other kinds of violence. Throughout the dry season groups of vultures are often seen patrolling the skies, invading what is apparently a tranquil, beautiful and silent landscape, looking for food. During one of my walks, the scavenging birds led me to a bull skeleton. In the footsteps of Georgia O’Keeffe, I managed to collect a big part of the skeleton except for some bones that were carried away by wild cats, foxes, vultures and other animals.

I made fifty-nine molds of every bone of this skeleton with my bare hands. These molds were then filled with the earth from where they were found, turning death into a resurrection. Every sculpture now carries the soil of a land on its way to extinction.

Mold making is studio labor and, therefore, akin to playing an instrument. One tirelessly repeats the same movements with the goal of repeating the same shape forever. For many musicians, instruments are carriers and they are limited to a certain number of songs – contemporary pianist Nils Frahm, keeps on buying and selling keyboards until they run dry.

The guitar has always been a McGuffin* inWestern movies – like in Nicholas Ray’s Johnny Guitar. A cowboy carries a guitar strapped to his back, a replacement for his addiction to guns.

There are two guitars in this exhibition. The first, a Fender Jazzmaster tuned to open D minor [1], was left alone on the red rocky soil, facing the rust of sundown with the west wind blowing over its metal strings, the sound is both melancholic and spiritual as the wind never blows the same way, thus creating different random melodies often interrupted by the landing of dirt particles and small insects on it. The instrument signals the dry air that killed the bull whose skeleton I found. This sound piece was the key for the project to unravel; the weeping guitar works as a soundtrack for the sculptures, scattered inside a vitrine without any particular order. This vitrine is meant to be walked over, as in many archeological sites, from the Acropolis to Teotihuacán. Contrary to these places one can also inhabit the ruins seeing them from underneath, like a corpse inside its grave.

While the first guitar’s presence is phantasmal, represented by its sound, blasting out of two Marshall cabinets used in big stages, the second – a Squire Mustang – although physically present, carries a ghost of its action and its musician.
 While the first guitar’s presence is phantasmal, represented by its sound, blasting out of two Marshall cabinets used in big stages, the second – a Squire Mustang – although physically present, carries a ghost of its action and its musician.

In a long interview with Seán O’Hagan [2], Nick Cave reflects on his creative process mentioning that his songs always depart from images. See for instance the strong imagery behind Hollywood [3]: A mountain lion roaming Los Angeles’ valleys, with their big mansions, in the night. Much like songs, artworks can remain artworks in their suggestive state even if they are never materialized. Mike Kelley’s Monkey Island (1982-3) is a collection of plans, writings and references that inform the viewer on how the finished work would look like. Its spiritual aspect makes it even more interesting than a tangible version of the island.

Bull Guitar Drag (after Christian Marclay), witnessed a failed attempt to record the sound of a 600kg brown bull dragging an electric guitar [4] along the very same fields where the skeleton of the other bull was found – there is no footage of the action, as the cameras were not set yet and only a ten-second sound recording is left. The bull defeated my work, destroying the guitar, playing at its own will. The animal is glorified to a godlike state, a hero, the musician I have always dreamt to be. This moment is now contained inside a destroyed electric guitar, like the soil inside the molds. This is now a relic as many other guitars sold in auctions for millions of dollars because they bear witness to historical moments [5].



Ghost Ranch is a Western; a duel, between life and death. It is my homage, my farewell letter, my gift to this landscape. My plea for forgiveness.


"Looking back, I can see that I had a relationship with the landscape that in one sense was very embodied, and at the same time existed independently of me, with a history that preceded and did not include me."[vi]

This project is dedicated to the Love between Teresa and Rui.



Henrique Pavão, 2025


*The term was introduced by Alfred Hitchcock. It consists of an object (device or event) of a symbolic nature whose relevance is not inherent, but nevertheless is crucial to drive the plot and the characters’ actions.  

[1] Open or alternate tunings often used in blues and country music mean tunning the guitar strings to a specific combination of notes that when strummed (without placing the fingers on the fretboard) the guitar plays a full chord. D minor is considered the saddest chord in western musical vocabulary. The extensive use of alternate tunings was the main reason for Nick Drake’s difficulty to perform live, forcing him to spent a fair amount of time retuning his guitar between songs.
[2]Nick Cave and Seán O’Hagan - Faith, Hope and Carnage, 2022.
[3] Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds – Ghosteen, 2019.
[4] Proportionally, the weight of the bull and the electric guitar is equivalent to a human carrying a pen in his pocket.
[5] Kurt Cobain’s Martin D-18E used in Nirvana’s MTV Unplugged performance (1989) was sold for six million dollars in 2020.
[6] Lucy Raven - https://www.artforum.com/columns/lucy-raven-on-concrete-cinema-and-reimagining-the-genre-of-the-western-249695/







One Last Longing


for Wrong Wrong Magazine#16 (Less and More)


Lying on a couch, I talk as if no one can hear me. I discuss with myself why most of my references are male. They are just a way to replace you; after all, you were never completely there. Were you? Maybe, as Clark Kent, or a character of some kind, and that was somehow enough. Your inaccessibility made me like you. A fictional replacement seemed to me the only possible way out. I vomit you in my creativity in many forms, building universes that you can inhabit, but you are never seen. I chase your footsteps in the humid jungles, in dark hotel rooms, in ancient ruins; I like to be seen as you, as a character of a movie, that when seen through a screen will be my favourite - my speed-dating hero. As the film beams out of the projector everything fades away, and I am myself again, and my loneliness lasts and lasts. It is just me in an empty cinema - I use film reels to burn us away.

On my way to the Hotel, families slept on the bus and the curtains were all partially shut. Fractions of green, sound-tracked by laser swords and droids – the new Star Wars was blasting. Layers of time, light and colours hit the dark bus as a drummer hits his snare. The Death Star is piercing the old Mayan jungles. I recall the story of Matapalo that I learned from Pax that morning. Pax is a young Mayan who wears a Liverpool shirt, smokes Lucky Strikes and knows every living or dead thing in that jungle. Matapalo is a sick tree, who hugs a healthy one in her seductive arms, stopping him from
growing, in order to survive.


Now, sitting in the restaurant of the Hotel as the sun sets, casting everything into a Blade Runner 2049-like colour, we were drunk and you told me what happened to Hart Crane after he left Mexico. He jumped off the back of the boat into the propellers and was completely cut to ribbons. A trace of bloody foam formed a road in the sea, like the Avenue of the Death, delivering Crane’s soul to where he had lost it.

You said that you have to be very careful when you go to Mexico so that you are not caught up in this – in any of this kind of unconscious, dangerous violence that is really lurking in every patch of earth. It’s just there, everywhere trying to get you so you have to be on your guard at all times. You were right, Daniel also, there is something very heavy and strange in the air over here, the whole city is drowned in some kind of smog. You even see people wearing masks in the streets. This darkness really hits, and it hit me as it did with Hart Crane.

I am stuck between four rotting walls; every spin of the fan, opens a crack in the ceiling. I watch “Troublemakers” on repeat and read aloud a chapter of 2666 every night. Outside the lions patrol the streets, so nobody can leave their own thoughts.
“I dropped Bolaño on the bedside table and turned the lights off.
In a few minutes I heard some voices, someone was in the balcony, it was 11 pm, and the fucker was listening to some kind of radio program about serial killers, what a lovely way to fall asleep. It lasted 5 minutes, the time of a slow smoke, then it vanished and I fell into darkness, really…”

I am having very strange dreams; I woke up 4 times in the middle of the night without being able to breathe. My eyeballs are full with tears that don’t come out, smog fills my nose up to my brain.

I am tired of you!

Don’t get me wrong, I am forever grateful; after all, you shaped me. You taught me how time can coexist - that the future is but the obsolete in reverse, how to see interest in gas stations and how Hotels can be compared to pyramids, but I am no man’s son and I learned I would never be.

Now, I feel stuck in a far cry, an immensity of tears, which flood old civilizations.

Well, flood them all, this is my last longing.









Henrique Pavão, Vale de Rossins, May 2020




Even a Rusty Pipe without a Function has a Twin Brother



The mirror itself is not subject to duration, because it is an ongoing abstraction that is always available and timeless. The reflections on the other hand are fleeting instances that evade measure. Space is the remains, or corpse of time. It has dimensions. “Objects” are “sham space”, the excrement of thought and language. Once you start seeing objects in a positive negative way you are on the road to derangement.[1]


You have found yourself on the backseat being driven through a repetitive landscape. Did you ever try to change it by drawing or writing on top of it? I want you to stay in this seat, look through the window and read the words on the damp glass.

From Overton, NV follow Mormon Mesa Road to the top of the mesa eastward. As you come to the top of the mesa, you will pass a cattle guard. Continue east across the mesa for 2.7 miles. Do not leave the mesa. Just before you come to a second cattle guard at the east edge of the mesa, there will be a less-traveled road/path that extends along the rim of the mesa. Turn left onto this rim trail and follow it north 1.3 miles.[2]

Double Negative is an earthwork conceived by artist Michael Heizer in a remote area of the Nevada desert in 1969. This intervention is almost invisible although has a great deal of presence. It consists of two duplicated slots, each forty feet deep and a hundred feet long, excavated into the tops of two mesas. Sited right in front of each other, these elevations are divided by a negative space, a deep ravine. Standing in one of the slots and looking across the chasm to the second slot the concept of spatial duplication becomes clear.

Last August I was driving in a rush between the Algarve and Lisbon. Caught between destinations clouded my thoughts, but while pressing the trigger of the fuel delivery gun at a service station, I had the strange feeling of having been in the same place not so long ago. Though, something was wrong with the location of things, it seemed everything was flipped.

In front of me vivid colors invaded the kiosk’s mechanical framing, hiding its ugliness. Behind, weekenders and truck drivers stretched and scratched their balls while resting their vehicles. I was surrounded by starved machinery. I turned my head towards the highway and looked through the rush-hour rain of headlights at the other side; I noticed the same vivid colors. I could also see that the metal awning corresponded to the one above my head and the number of fuel pumps was the same.

What I was experiencing made me suspect the existence of a mirror-site, but such qualities could never be proved without having access to both locations at the same time. I was in a need of another person, a mirror-me that could confirm those similarities.

If one saw a mirror as an ongoing abstraction and a reflection as a glance of this abstraction, what would happen if the mirror became the reflection itself? What would happen between two mirrors placed exactly opposite one another?  If my suspicion was right my location allowed me, not only a full understanding of my spatial position, but also the feeling of controlling time. I was travelling backwards in a place where present and past faced and repelled each other. The image of my location was on the site I had been at three days ago on my way to the South and the place I stood would be the place reflecting my image on my next trip. 

Located in a place of inversions without end upon other men’s journeys”[3], side road stations are considered by many junkspaces or non-places. For architect and theorist Rem Koolhaas “junkspace makes you uncertain where you are, obscures where you go, undoes where you were’ and ‘cannot be remembered” [4]. I think these places are in fact stripped of any meaning, fulfilling a single function: the ironic task of linking meanings. I see junkspace as a temporary condition; it only exists when we are in its presence. In other words, junkspace is a discontinuous position.


The location of one’s body is irrelevant; it melts with the site, becoming part of it. The desire of reaching a known destination blurs the idea of perception and real time is temporarily put aside. But once out of it, the body splits from the site and junkspace vanishes. The arrival at journey’s end gives a meaning to where one had passed through to get there. Consequently, I only consider Rem Koolhaas’s idea of junkspace possible if one remains trapped in it.

In J.G. Ballard’s novel Concrete Islandthe main protagonist Robert Maitland crashed his car through the highway’s metal barriers and found himself trapped between motorways, viaducts and headlights. After several unsuccessful attempts to move his injured body, he realized that he was entirely cut off since “the island was sealed off from the world around it by the high embankments on two sides and the wire mesh fence on its third”.[5] He remained marooned on his island, surrounded by cars yet invisible to their drivers focused only on their destinations.

In my research journey I felt like Robert Maitland. Our quest implied travelling nowhere while simultaneously remaining in the junk. Two hundred and forty kilometers of asphalt, makes the A2 the second main highway of Portugal. Every forty kilometers there are two service stations sited right in front of each other with the exception of the first, which is unpaired. To succeed in our hunt we needed to find a pair of stations with the exact same qualities.

Lisboa

        Seixal
        Palmela-Palmela
        Alcáçer do Sal- Alcáçer do Sal
A2   Grandola- Grandola
        Aljustrel-Aljustrel
        Almodôvar-Almodôvar

Algarve

We started our enantiomorphic journey from Lisbon. I was left to examine the stations located on the western side, while my collaborator compared them to those on the eastern side.  Our mission was to catalogue the physical qualities of the premises, and communicating them to my east side stand-in. We were divided by six tracks of high-volume car traffic, a place in where human presence is only allowed inside vehicles. Even though we were separated by a thirty minute ride we were still able to say “Hi” to each other by lifting our arms.

Palmela was the first pair being analysed, located on the 31st Kilometer, this one was in fact not so ugly. A pale orange structure wrapped the glass cafeteria - which I read was due for replacement, probably by a standardized, colourful building more faithful to its function. An equivalent structure was confirmed by my partner on the eastern side, the building having exactly the same qualities while the parking lot could hold the same amount of cars. On the other hand the car wash exist only on my side, upsetting the symmetry. Similarities were also missing on the next four gas stations we examined. I had hope for perfect reflection but found only divergence.

You can only see the differences between the objects when they are close together, because they are sometimes very subtle.[6]

All phone calls had been recorded; a catalogue of similarities and differences was the soundtrack as we journeyed onward to the last remaining destination. The horizon was constantly being crossed by our wheels, leaving hopeless tracks on the wet tarmac. The clock revealed we were in the junk for almost ten hours – though we had perceived it subjectively as being several times that duration.

Suspended in this galactic time-perception, ancient myths started to invade my senses, driving me to a state of pessimistic delirium. As I looked at the rear-view mirror, I saw Robert Smithson as my reflection reading The Gods of Mexico in the backseat. He read aloud the chapter about the journey of Quetzalcoatl [7], the morning star of Venus towards Tlapallan,where he would find the sun and resurrect his image. He was particularly interested in the episode of Uceutlatitlan, referenced in his ninth mirror display in the Yucatan. 


Quetzalcoatl rested near a tree, looked into his obsidian mirror and said Now I become aged” andsuddenly he seized stones from the path and threw them against the unlucky tree. For many years thereafter the stones remained encrusted in the ancient tree.”[8] To Smithson “if one wished to be ingenious enough to erase time one requires mirrors, not rocks.”[9] Smithson told me about Quetzal’s journey as a failed search for an enantiomorphic half of a “mirror looking for its reflection but never quite finding it.”[10] Smithson and Quetzal bumped into my way as evil magicians from the old times but I was lucid enough to refuse their Teometl. [11] If I believed in Aztec gods I would have turned around and given up, but I had to find the other half of my Quetzalcoatl.

Still stuck in the junk we reached 187th Kilometer, the location of our final service station at Almodôvar. It was around 7 pm when we started our examination in the empty building.  A small house of unknown function, located a couple of meters from the gas station, was the first one on the list; the only apparent difference was a crack on the wall of the west façade, something that we deemed irrelevant – since the weight of time in a timeless location will not affect reflections. We compared fuel pumps, kiosk, gigantic green brushes in the carwash garage, the garage itself, cafeteria, picnic area, flags, poles, benches, sculptures (if that is what they really were), floor lines, car parks, metal coverings, playground, fire hydrants, trashcans, grass, blue, red, yellow, traffic signs, showers and neon signs. Every aspect was submitted to a meticulous dissection and – to our relief - the same qualities were present at both sites.

From Lisbon, take Av. da Liberdade, at the roundabout take the 2nd exit onto R. Joaquim António de Aguiar heading to A2/A5-Cascais, continue onto Av. Eng Duarte Pacheco, take the exit toward Setúbal/Almada, merge onto IP7, continue onto A2/IP7, stay on the left at the fork to continue on A2/E1, follow signs for Algarve/Alcácer, continue on A2 for 137 Km, take the exit and the destination will be on your left.

These are the directions to find Almodôvar’s Mirror-Site, a place where even a rusty pipe without a function has a twin, a random piece of wire mesh covers the exact same windows and even the storks are cautious enough to make nests on the same electricity poles.

It was a dark night and there were no lights or shoulder markers, lines, railings or anything at all except the dark pavement moving through the landscape of the flats, rimmed by hills in the distance, but punctuated by stacks, towers, fumes and colored lights.[12]

The return drive through the dark night was tough; although a new meaning had been given to a charmless pair of service stations, nothing was settled and we didn’t get out of the junk. It was like travelling on an unfinished highway, without a destination, where the departure was the destination itself.

I have never experienced Spiral Jetty, but somehow I felt close to it. I returned to Lisbon in the same way I would return to the Spiral’s tail.


Henrique Pavão, 2016

(text edited by Nicola Oxley and Nicolas de Oliveira 2019)




[1] Robert Smithson, “Incidents of Mirror-Travel in the Yucatan”, in The writings of Robert Smithson, ed. Nancy Holt (New York: New York University Press, 1979), 94-103.
[2] “Double Negative (artwork),” last modified October 31, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Negative_(artwork)
[3] Cormac Mcarthy, Blood Meridian or The Evening Redness in the West (London: Picador, 1989)
[4] Rem Koolhaas,Junkspace,” October 100 (2002): 175-190.
[5] J.G. Ballard, Concrete Island, (London. Fourth State, 2011), 13.
[6] Lingwood, James, “The Weight of Time” Bernd & Hilla Becher Robert SmithsonField Trips (Porto: Museu Serralves, 2002), 73.
[7] Among the Aztecs, Quetzalcoatl the feathered serpent, carried the inner meaning of the Most Precious Twin, since Quetzal was loosely used as a term for precious and beautiful things, and coatlmeans twin
[8] C. A. Burland, “The Mystery of Quetzalcoatl” in The Gods Of Mexico, (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1967), 148-164.
[9] Robert Smithson, “Incidents of Mirror-Travel in the Yucatan”, ibid.
[10] ibid.
[11] White wine made from maguey sap that was given to Quetzalcoatl in order to trouble his journey. The same black medicine, offered by Tezcatlipoca, was also what distorted his perception and made him leave Tollan.
[12] Tony Smith. “Conversations with Samuel Wagstraff Jr.” In Theories And Documents Of Contemporary Art: A Sourcebook of Artists’ Writings, ed. Kristine Stiles and Peter Selz, (Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2012), 149..






Wherever I am not is the Place Where I am Myself


3.77 Seconds + Unfinished Past


An oily dark cloud engulfs everything, blending water, earth and sky with such perfection that distinguishing them is not possible anymore. Everything is wet and black. The horizon is finally touchable. Space is at last homogenized. An oversized kaleidoscope where every object is out of scale reflecting and deflecting one another on an immensity of angles. By this time everything had to be moveable so as to avoid destruction,[1] It was with this premise that the tanks were created, in contrast to the bunkers, which almost seem to have been placed there as if begging to be pierced, exploded and cracked. I doubt that these monoliths were ever meant to survive throughout time; one can easily imagine the power of the enemy’s impact, just by glancing at the thickness of their walls.

It is relevant to mention the artist’s desire for his works to be destroyed, as it is the only way to progress. However, giving stillness to the things created means the artist needs to be in constant movement. The collapsing of a work means the rising of the next one, forcing him to move in between them - his mobility exists on behalf of the one mobility of the works.

By destruction he loses. That is all that matters. His steps are moved by the desire of constant loss. Nostalgia is what keeps his work awake. After all, is there anything more powerful than what we can no longer access?
Absence draws a path leading to an emptiness that needs to be filled. It is a mode of travelling in which clean footprints are left behind by the irreversibility of his steps, driven by the need for recovery. As he walks through the ruins of his past he sees a future built out of the same mental cinders. It strikes me how much we can destroy and build just by travelling. This liminal act is where creation takes place. It is alongside this travel that interment comes into play; it is also when seeds are thrown through the window of a car and left alone on a fertile ground for something to grow.

Did you ever find yourself digging up something you have buried a few years before? If so I should tell you for sure that its history will never be fully recovered because the past always stays silent and never wants to be disturbed, but I guess you will reach the conclusion that you are acting dangerously by yourself. However, if you do want to take that risk, then the fulfilment of being reminded of its absence might help you to bury it again but this time in an impenetrable, bulletproof grave. We can only forget by being reminded of the absence of things.

A massive grave was found on the outskirts of the city, more than 100 hectares of vertical destruction accumulated over 130 years, allowed for the vertical construction of the adjacent architecture. The quarry is surrounded by luxury condominiums, built around its rim, and its inhabitants face perpetually onto a steep canyon, probably unaware that the place they stand on was taken from the place they look at.


The quarry was once a loud and dusty place, a limestone theatre whose play was endlessly sound tracked by rubber and cement. After leaving it behind one would constantly hear the feathers of the pillow drumming the sound of the traffic over the rusty bridge.

It rests now neglected and exposed to emptiness, like the bunkers on the Atlantic coast, where destruction acts calmly, echoing over a vast sea of drowned memories. In such places, there is always a fraction being consumed by the absence of men’s hands, because the hands of man delay space’s intentions for objects, postponing their natural deterioration.

Now, picture this: a tall Scandinavian man wearing a bathrobe and having a coffee on the balcony of his luxury apartment, doomed with a view of a dusty dungeon beneath his feet. The hole works as a reminder of his foundations, as a monumental vacancy that defines, without trying, the memory traces of an abandoned set of futures.[2]Is this giant cupola a monument to the past, or is it a monument to the future? A romantic ruin or a ruin in reverse?

It is hard to tell.


Henrique Pavão, 2017



[1] Paul Virilio, Bunker Archeology (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1994), 41.
[2] Robert Smithson, “A Tour of the Monuments of Passaic, New Jersey” in The Writings of Robert Smithson, ed. Nancy Holt (New York: New York University Press, 1979), 55.



© 2025 Henrique Pavão